Atlantic Ocean

Mariners (nautical navigators of Rome, Carthage, and Morocco) that navigated beyond the Mediterranean Sea and an Atlantic archipelago of islands were cognisant of this region adjacent to the Atlantean coast based on historical narrations cited by authors. The Carthaginian basileus (βασιλεύς for a dux or imperator as a descendant of Hamilkas, ʿAzrubaʿal, and Magon, who are distinct from the Barca family) Hannon (from the Punic ḥnʾ via Ἄννων or Annōn) described the Atlantic coast of Africa beyond the Columnae Herculis and along Libya in a periplus (circumnavigation). This marine and naval voyage was referenced by Arrian of Nicomedia in his Anabasis of Alexander (Ἀλεξάνδρου Ἀνάβασις or Alexándrou Anábasis). In the Palman ports and maritime cities (each a porta ricca, puerta rica, porta rica), a communicative, cultural and seminal (sexual but general, not special) exchange occurred in the "factories" of humour, spirit, art, science, magic and music as a dzug(u) (not jukka for verbal "penetration" from Pula or Fula, as named by the adjacent Wolof and Se(e)re(e)r, and the distant Mandinka) or suruba (a bacchanal orgy that "rocks", sticks and picks like a phallic boon and the dramatic dance by tambour with the mbongo, mgombo, ngoma). It relates to the as(h)e ("potency, amen") of the Yoruba iwa ("existence") from the ori ("mind", with an interior ode and an exterior inu) with its aesthetic itutu ("cool" or "fresh", not a tepid "warm" that is calid, and not a fervid "hot" or frigid "cold"). From the Bantu kumba, the "music" of cumbancha(ta) (cf. meringue for collation of merit from mer(i)enda, ber(i)en(d)a, marend(a)) represents the turbulent and exuberant mixture of culture. The Iberian (Galician, Catalonian, Andalusian and Canary Spanish with Portuguese) and Mediterranean (Italian) languages of the European colonists were adopted and assimilated to facilitate commerce on the Palman riviera. Similarly, the "adventurous voyages" or rutters (from the French routier) documented the Atlantean coasts for the "sure" navigation of mariners and migratory navigators. A triangular agricultural exchange of planted herbal and floral fruits occurred in the migrations similar to the Neolithic domestication and cultivation of corn (of wheat, barley, rye, broom and grass), vetch (related to the lentil and pea), nut of Earth, almond, fig, rice, and oil of flax and fibre of lin.

On the Atlantean coast of the Atlantic Ocean, the colonies (political community and society) of villages and camps (palenques for "palisades", in contrast to ports and cities) were referred to by Bantu mariners of the Occident as quilombos (from kilombo) and mocambos (from mukambo). These mariners, organised as groups (chama), named the Atlanteans (u)muzungu as external strange migrants (wanderers and voyagers) and "people from beyond the horizon", whilst in the Ibibio and Efik languages (and dispersions) they were named mbakara for relations of "total dignity, authority, nobility". Similarly, in the Asante dialect of the Akan language (a neighbour of the tonal gbe languages in a region noted for captive prisoners of war and for participation in the relexification of Sabir by the Atlantean languages with changes of lexicon but not grammar as a linguistic diffusion), m’béké signifies a "human detaining pouvoir", in comparison to m’méké for a "human detaining savoir". The people of this dialect introduced the fufu, or a comestible mix and mash (purée or mangusi in Bantu) of boiled vegetables (tubers or fruits such as banana), to Palman cuisine. The most ancient oil or cream (šamn, šemen) of "magic" extract is from the seminal sesame (bene from Mandinka, el from Dravidian, til(a) from Sanskrit, and jinjili or giurgiulena from the Arabic جِلْجِلَان⁩ or jiljilān and جُلْجُلان⁩ or juljulān). It prests itself as a symbol for mature and obscure treasure or the aperture of šem-šāmayīm (the name of firmament in heaven, welkin, aether and empyrean) as discovered by honest ʿAlī Bābā (as in papa, abba, abu, walid and walad) of One Thousand and One Nights with marjana (marguerite) and qasim (fatal lot for a rich merchant and glutton) famous like a mariner, brigands, princes(ses) and other mythic personages.

The name for the continent of Africa originates either from the Punic (Phoenician) ʿafar for "dust, earth" (a Semitic cognate of the Hebraic עָפָר or ʿāp̄ār, and the Arabic عَفَر ,غُبْرَة or ḡubra and غُبَار or ḡubār) or the nomadic Berber term ifri for "cave" (e.g., those of the city named tiṭṭawin for "eyes", which signifies a spring of water) in reference the region of the city of Carthage (which is sometimes associated with the Tarshish). A consequence of the conquest of the War of Granada in Andalusia (11182–11191 HE) was the Iberian prohibition of the cultivation of alhenna, alheña, alcan(n)a or alquena (from the Arabic حِنَّاء or ḥinnāʾ for "anoint" in Semitic Aramaic and Syriac languages similar to Akkadian kupru as a Iranian or Persian equivalent of كَافُور‎ or kāfūr for "cover", which alternatively identified the alcanfor, alcânfora, càmfora or canfora from the Sanskrit karpura via the Austronesian Malay kapur for "calcium oxide" with a pungent perfume, portentous fragrance and aromatic odour) that demarcated Moriscos in a distinction prior to their imperial expulsion from Iberia (Hispania, Baetica and Lusitania) to Atlantis, Macaronesia and North Africa. In Iberia, the Sephardic Jews of the coast of the "barbarian" Berbers with the "Columns of Heracles"—which is the Mediterranean portal to Atlantis—reintroduced the calentica, calentita, farinata or cecina (distinct from the homonym for desiccated flesh, chacina or ch'arki) as a flat bread of chickpea meal that is similar to pizza in cultural influence.

The Arabic influence in Atlantis is demonstrated in the place names of Alburquerque (a conflation of the Latin alba quercus or "white oak" and the Arabic اَلْبَرْقُوق‎ or al-barqūq for "apricot, plum, peach"), Alcántara (from Arabic اَلْقَنْطَرَة‎ or al-qanṭara for "the bridge, viaduct, aqueduct, arcade, arch, vault, chamber", which is similar to Alacuás from الْأَقْواس‎‎ or al-ʾaqwās for "the arches, arcs, curves, bows") and Alacante (from Arabic اَللَقَنْت‎ or al-laqant, from Latin Lucentum for "place of light", itself from Castrum Album or "white fort" and Greek Ἄκρα Λευκή or Ákra Leukḗ for "white promontory" or literally "light sharp edge or acute point"). Atlantis is intimate with Morocco, which is referred to as the Maghreb in Arabic (المغرب‎ or al-maḡrib, "place the Sun sets". With similar connections that include the old Atlas mountains, it was a base for pirates and is related to the Iberian Al-Andalus. Its name is from the Portuguese Marrocos or Spanish Marruecos, which from Arabic مُرَّاكُش‎ (murrākuš) that itself is from the Berber (Mauri or Moor) for "Land of God". The name is cognate with the city known as Marraquexe in Portuguese and Marrakech in Spanish. The city is noted for its jami al-fina (جامع الفناء) with its giralda (a tower from "gyre") and collection of kutub (كُتُب‎, or the plural of kitāb or كِتَاب for "bible").

The grandest Moroccan city is Casablanca (Spanish), that the Portuguese reconstructed and named Casa Branca for "white house". The Phoenicians founded Tingi, which was adopted as Tingis in Latin and eventually as the Portuguese Tânger and the Spanish Tánger, which influenced a name of an orange. This Atlantic orange is sweeter than the bitter and sour citrus of Sevilla, and the origin (with the بَلَد or balad) of the orange cultivated in Yafa (named for the empyrean aether, halo, nebula and nimbus; cf. the soap of Neapolis similar to that of Castilla and Halab). It is similar to the Pacific "honey" citrus (蜜柑 or mit / mig / meg / met / mat gan / gam / kan / kam) of a port with an isle (shima), a bay (菩薩摩 or p(h)u / pho / bo sak / sat / sad / sag ma / mo for the "study of a bodhisattva"), a tepid clime (溫 and 永嘉), and a commercial school. The city of Fez from the Arabic فَأْس or faʾs for "axe, adze" is at a crossroads for these cities at the Atlas mountains of rocky stone (faz, or the Austronesian batu, vatu, w(h)atu or faku). The name of the Atlantic city of Agadir originates the Phoenician for the "wall, compound" as in a fortification, citadel or communal granary structure. This origin is paralleled in the other city on the Atlantic coast (Saouira or Suwaira, from الصَّوِيرَة or aṣ-ṣawīra for "bulwark, wall of a fort, city", which is notable for its Tyrian purple, commerce with Atlantis and Europe, diplomacy in economics and politics, and a mellah named for saline salt as a Jewish quarter with a gate), and the Andalusian city of Cadíz (Cádis from Gades named by the Phoenicians). Rabat is the capital, named for the الرِّبَاط (ar-ribāṭ, as in the Andalusian ribet and rebato for "reprimand, reproach, fetter" with conflation from rive) that is a frontier "ligature" or fortification (retreat, refuge or monastery). It is associated with the Phoenician colony of Sala (from Semitic Punic šʿlt‎) with a proto-anarchist autonomous republic and council founded by pirates (brigands and corsairs, as in corsaro, corsale, cosario, corcel, corsari, corser, corsário, corsaire, coursier and "course" of voyages from curso, corso, cos(s)o, co(u)rs, that plunder the advantage and benefit of mercantile exploits of exploration, expansion and extraction like the razzia or rapine of bucks of Bacchus) and Moriscos from Extrema Durii and Andalusia. The pirates were noted for their the naval lure of a "false flag" (i.e., not "true" or veritable treague), a diversion and deception connected to a decoy (from the Dutch for "the cage") or camouflage. The use of perfidy (as an abuse of the boon of confidence, frequently associated with England) of banners (e.g., drapes with symbols, emblems and ensigns) by belligerents (combatants and militants) in battle is prohibited by the customary conventions of war and armed conflict (but not the hostile conduct of parties in espionage).

Other North African cities include Oran (وَهران‎ of Berber origin for "lion"), Algiers (Alger in French from the Arabic al-Jazāʾir or الجزائر for "the islands"), Carthage (a coastal, principal and capital city-state of Africa for the Phoenicians, Romans and Greeks that was founded by Tyrian colonists and connected to the Berber tns for "camp" and Tīnīt or the consort of Baʿal Ḥamūn, or a deity distinct from Malqārt and Βῆλος or Bêlos), Taparura (from τά or tá as the neuter plural of τό or tó for the definite article in a crasis or contraction with φρούρῐᾰ or phroúria, or the plural of φρούρῐον or phroúrion for "garrison, citadel, tower, fort" from φρουρός or phrourós for "guard"), Tarabulus (or the Italian Tripoli from Τρίπολις or Trípolis, itself from Τρεις Πόλεις or Treis Póleis in reference to three cities of a region and federation), Berenice (in Cyrenaica with Apollonian Cyrene and from Macedonian Βερενῑ́κη or Berenī́kē, itself from Φερενῑ́κη or Pherenī́kē for "carrier of victory" with the constituents and components φέρω or phérō and‎ νῑ́κη or nī́kē in a change from Hesperus by the reign of Ptolemaic dynasty), and Alexandria at the Mediterranean Sea. Similar to Atlantean Aleixandria, the city of Alexandria (Αλεξάνδρεια or Alexándria) is named for Alexander the Great. It is north of Memphis, Heliopolis (as the temple of Atum-Ra), and Thebes (as the temple of Amun-Ra) of the Nile. This Thebes—a cultural and ritual city of sacred temples, priests and princes with a hypostyle and necropolis as a "Diospolis" in Egypt—is distinct from the city established by mythic Cadmus of Tyre [1].

The isles of Macaronesia exists at the oriental Atlantic frontier of Atlantis with Europe and Africa. The grand and vast Pacific with Asia is complementary and occidental. Beyond the verdant extension and projection of the "Green Cape" (Capo Verde, Cabo Verde, Cap Verd, Cap Vert) peninsula of Senegal, with its bay and municipal, colonial, commercial, navigational, central, capital and principal city, is a volcanic archipelago with coasts, ports, merchants, mariners and navigators. Similar to the rich "cryptic ports" of Sur (ṣūr or صُوْر), Sohar (ṣuḥār or صُحَار‎) and Maskat (masqaṭ or مَسْقَط, not "musk" or Moskva in Rus but the mystic origin of heroic Sindbad, not Baghdad, in peninsular Oman (ʿumān or عُمَان) as the tributaries (client, attendant and satellite vassals) of "barbaric" (Persian, Arabian and Indian) Ormuz, "Atlantide" was a "sublime but perverse" symbol of the opulent (luxurious and voluptuous) treasure. These were connected to Iranian Zoroaster and the throne of Satan (in Book 2 of Paradise Lost, which resembled the verse of The Faerie Queene, and in a poem of Andrew Marvell, who was a colleague of John Milton).

Pirates and other mariners located in the Mediterranean (e.g., located at الْمِلْح‎ غَار or ḡār al-milḥ, which signifies "grotto" of "salt, sodium chloride", that is approximate to Malta, Sicily, the promontory and cape of ʾšmn, or a deity similar to Apollo and Asclepius, a سبخة or sabḵa for a wadi, strand, dune, lake and lagoon of the arid marine coast with sediments of aeolian disposition and mineral saline evaporite that precipitate in evaporation) were in contact with Palman and Novan Atlanteans in a cultural exchange (interchange) [2]. These navigators are famous for their exploits, adventures and enterprises. The colonial, coastal and commercial populace of the marine isles are noted as maritime merchants and pirates with a dialect related to Novan English (cf. a creole, not a "received", "accepted" or "approved" pronunciation). It is argued that Shakespeare's The Tempest references these isles (and not one in the Mediterranean). These "isles of devils" would confer and congress with the tribes of the Atlantean continent by its deliberative, elective and representative chamber, or House of Assembly, as a parliament with the executive, legislative and constitutive council as the government of its governor and its (e)states. The limestone of the isles is used in the composite material of concrete [3].

Palman isles in the Atlantic named for either bearded barbarians or ficus was similarly noted for liberal, equal and commercial pirates with a code of conduct as a confederation. Palman havens (e.g., Rio de Rosa) promoted syncretism and attracted the mutiny of mariners (serfs and pirates), or a revolt (i.e., a destruction of revolution, which not necessarily is a creation of rebellion or insurrection) contrary to a captain (marine master) of a naval vessel in disobedience (insubordination and opposition to "servilism" that is a subsequent subservience, a resultant docility, or an inferior submission to the superior domination by the structure, construction and organisation of authority). Tropical isles named for the heart, curation (curación, curació, curação, i.e. the cure, remedy, therapy, analysis and synthesis of a sanatorium) and the "bas(s)(e)" of the not profound "nether sea" (bassa, baja, baixa mar) were nautical points of departure and arrival.

The mythic isle Mostachiin (مستشيين, a جَزِيرَة or jazīra) of the dragon of the sea (תַּנִּין or tanin and التنين or tinnīn for a marine monster (serpent) of chaotic evil in contrast to cosmic good) is mentioned as the habitat of ٱلْمِعْرَاج or al-miʿrāj (named بقراج or baqrāj and عرَاج or ʿarāj by the Andalusian al-Idrisi), or an animal similar to a narwhal, unicorn (monoceros, adopted as a symbol for the gay community in Atlantean society) or rhinoceros (کرگدن or kargadan and كَرْكَدَّن‎ or karkaddan with its spade or khadga that is similar to a crag, khara, or chalybeate steel cutlass or scimitar from the Persian شمشیر or šamšir for "sword, blade" held at the haft, which is related to the Iberian alfanje from the Andalusian الخنجر‎ or al-xanjar that is from the Arabic خَنْجَر or ḵanjar, the Persian خنجر or xanjar for a dagger or poniard, and the rapacious or predatory sickle-esque "harpe" from the Greek ἅρπη or hárpē that is not related to the musical "harp" and was contaminated by the Semitic ḥarb(ā) for "war, battle, sabre") that was donated to Alexander the Great (ذُو ٱلْقَرْنَيْن, or Ḏū l-Qarnayn, Arabic for "he of the dual horns") [4]. The gigantic monster of the aspidochelone (ἀσπιδοχελώνη or aspidokhelṓnē) from the Physiologus is compared to a whale, a tortoise or an isle (as in the epistle from Alexander, or Alisaunder in the Norman English inscriptions, to Aristotle that were incorporated into his history), which is similar to the mythic "grand fish" of Jonah (Jonas), the marine daemon in a poem of Samuel the Prince (Shemuel ha-Nagid or ʾIsmāʿīl an-Naghrīlah of Andalusia), and the crab (سَرَطَان or saraṭān) of the muʿtazili al-Jāḥiẓ (which is referenced in a voyage of Sind(i)bad, or Sendbad, San(d)bad, Sambad, from siddhapatha, added to the collection of One Thousand and One Nights and a creature as a marvel (prodigy) of creation in the unique phenomena of universal existence by Zakariyyaʾ al-Qazvini, a descendant of an Arab banu or tribe that associates the Naṣr or نصر dynasty in Granada) [5].

The syncretic presence contributed to the compilation of myths. Related to the mythology of the World supported and sustained by a Sinitic 鰲 ((ng)ao / ngau / (ng)o(u), as a Tartessian, Anadolian and Hispanic icon) and Atlantean columns of elephants in the Sanskrit akupara, the isle of misi-mikinaak or -mikinaag, which is named for a great tortoise, in the lake of Pyrene (Πυρήνη) is the location of the legendary emergence of a divine spirit subsequent to the recession of a surge of inundation. The transition from human matriarchs to patriarchs is hypothesised to be demonstrated in the focal and lineal myths of heroic divinities with the cosmic usurping of the chaotic Ocean symbolised as a marine monster subsequent to primitive, pacific and aquatic creation. For example, Tiamat (with her chthonic or infernal consort Abzu) is preceded by Namma and is the creatrix (not the creator) of divine progeny in primordial generations. In fury, she transforms into a pelagic (thalassic) and serpentine dragon (cf. the Leviathan from Lotan or Litan, Typhon and Vritra) that is vanquished, whose material corpse becomes the caudal Milky Way, the waters of the Mesopotamian rivers of the Tigris (Idigina or Idiqlat) and the Euphrates (Buranuna or Purattu), and the terrestrial-celestial (mundane-profane) seapartion. The name is connected to the thalatte<thalassa of Tethys, tamtu (a cognate of the תְּהוֹם or təhôm for "abyss" of genesis), and Dilmun (a paradise, or Eden from Edin, at the "two seas" as signified in the gulf adjacent to الْبَحْرَيْن or al-baḥrayn). The semi-mythic consort and regent of Assyria in Ninuwa (as the rival of Babylon in Mesopotamia and adjacent to Assur and Nimrud), Shamiram (from Shammuramat), is considered to be divine by Atargatis or Derketo (as the Hellenic versions of ʾAttarʿattaʾ or Tarʿatta from Aramaic, not languages of Sumer and Akkad, as symbolised by a dove and a fish). She is connected to sacerdotal eunuchs, beauteous Ara of Caucasian Armenia, and the legend of Plato with ananke, sirens, and planetary orbits (geocentric, not heliocentric, cosmic, not chaotic, and concentric circles of spheres or planets).

[1] Cadmus, with his brother Phoenix, were sent to save their sister Europa (mother of Minos) as progeny of heroic Agenor of Phoenicia. He created a dynasty with his consort Harmonia (of concord and a daughter of Electra, a pleiad). The progeny of Cadmus are connected to the Adriatic realm of the Illyrians (e.g., the serpentine "eels", from the Indic European cognates of anguilla, énkhelus or ἔγχελῠς, assimilated by tribes named for aquatic dassa, daksa or daxa, pearl dardan, and hirundine taulant or chelidon) and the city of a lake named lychnis (λῠχνῐ́ς or lukhnís for a lamp and a rose of a coronal campion). The region included Lynkos (for "lynx"), mountainous Orestis, Pelagonia and Paionia. Pyrrhus established as Epirus a potent realm that rivalled Rome, Macedon and the koinón (κοινόν or confederal and confederative league) of Aetolia (cf. that of Achaea). Phillip of Macedon, who created the Macedonian phalanx and who was assassinated by Pausanias, expanded the into the territory of Bardyllis as an ally of Ἄπειρος or Ápeiros (a region and origin of the mother of Alexander, Olympias, who was a Molossian progeny of Αἰακός or Aeacus). Alexander pacified the rebellious city-state of Thebes (sparing and saving the poet Pindar) and asserted control of the Illyrian and Thracian frontier as the hegemonic and amphictyonic authority.

[2] The Iliad of Homer mentions the tamarisk (connected to the Tamaris and Tamara as cognates of "Thames", the Arabic ثَمَر or ṯamar for the "fruit [of the palm]", the Hellenic μυρίκη or muríkē for "myrice" as a cognate of "myrrha, smyrna" from the Semitic مُرّ or murr, and the floral and spiral spine of gum from the manna, tragacanth or "tragus acantha" similar to nougat), which is noted for "shade" in the agriculture and horticulture of saline and alkaline soils at the margins of watercourses (rivers).

[3] The calcium carbonate is combined with schist (not the metamorphic stone similar to slate, shive, artua or lei) of silicon, aluminium and iron minerals in a thermal furnace (not to liquefaction) and then abrading or eroding the product with gypsum (a hydrate of the calcic salt of sulphuric acid). The hydration of this cement of hydraulic calcium oxide as a paste (fluid mortar) binds or ligates the aggregate (amalgamation of particles) of angular stone (slag or gravel) in a solid mass with hydrates of calcium silicate or calcium aluminate. The opus caementicium of imperial Rome was composed of an aggregate (mixture of ceramic tiles and rock) and a mortar of lime (calcium oxide), hydrated lime (calcium hydroxide), and volcanic glass (cinders, pumice, or pulvis puteolanus as hard and tough tuff named for Puteoli, a colony of Cumae for refugees from Samos). It has been ameliorated for utilisation in robust structures by civil engineers with steel bars as reinforced armed concrete that resists the force of tension. Alternative compositions of cement use the viscous resin or elastic pitch (decomposed in pyrolysis and thermolysis or distilled from petroleum) of adhesive asphalt, maltha, naphtha, bitumen and tar (German: Teer; Italian: catrame, Spanish: alquitrán; Catalan: quitrà; Portuguese: alcatrão; Galician: alcatrán; French: goudron; Dutch: teer; as cognates of "tree" and the Arabic اَلْقِطْرَان‎ or al-qiṭrān) as the mortar in construction (e.g., for architecture and transport).

[4] Palmaism connects the evil eye to a congenital and adversarial inclination to act evil (not good, הַטּוֹב or hatov) in conscience that is innate to divine creation of humanity (cf. original concupiscence) and is referred to as yēṣer haraʿ (יֵצֶר הַרַע, which is adapted from Genesis of the Bible. This internal force is connected to the external personification of the daemon Satan, who is demythified (semantically different from demystified) in the Babylonian Talmud. The sage of Judaism and corpulent gladiator, Shimon ben Lakish (שמעון בן לקיש), equated this tendency, Satan and the mortal angel (i.e., the entropic destruction of Apollyon, from Ăḇadōn or אֲבַדּוֹן, as a coordinate of infernal Hades, from Háidēs or ᾍδης, as Šəʾōl or שְׁאוֹל‎). This is similar to the psychopomp Azrael (עֲזַרְאֵל or ʿǍzarʾēl and عزرائيل or ʿAzrāʾīl of mortal fate, distinct from the caprid charged goat עֲזָאזֵל or ʿAzāʾzēl and عزازيل or ʿAzāzīl, and the angelic, daemonic and diabolic jinn or جِنّ named إِبْلِيس or Iblīs and عزازيل or Azāzīl who disobeyed the absolute and divine Nature similar to decadent and satanic Lucifer) and Yama of Hinduism and Buddhism.

The benign (benefic and benevolent) and malign (malefic and malevolent) tendencies of humanity is an inherent battle to surmount in motive and positive motivation (e.g, the perfection and continuation of humanity with artificial constructions in response to natural conditions). Tractates of rabbinic authors posit that the totality of the Universe is determined by the celestial divine Nature with the choice, movement or will determined by the terrestrial person and with the liberal opportunity for affliction and contrition of contractual transgressions (relative to serf morality) by reconciliation and redemption through repentance and penitence.

The herb teufelsdreck or duivelsdrek, a term for asafoetida (from the Persian ازا or azâ for "mastic" and the Latin feminine foetida from the masculine foetidus for "foetid, faeculent"), is named for the sulfur of the diabolic Devil or Satan that is a herbaceous, resinous and odorous umbellifer. It is related by botanic family to ferule, fennel, golpar (a fragrant and aromatic species in a genus named for Heracles), yavani (from the Sanskrit, which is the origin of hingu as a cognate to آنغوزه‎ or ânğuze, انگژد‎ or angožad, انگدان‎ or angodān, أَنْجُدَان‎ or ʾanjudān, and 阿魏 or a / e / o wei / ghui / ngai) and silphium (from σῐ́λφῐον or sílphion, like sirpe, for lasar from λάσαρον or lásaron). Maimonides referenced it (as חִלְתִּית or chiltit) and Alexander the Great introduced it in Europe from Asia (Iran, Persia or Media) with it becoming a substitute (alternate) plant and spice of one noted in the African (Libyan) city of Κῡρήνη or Kūrḗnē (the origin of the sensual, sensitive and sensible hedonist Cyrenaics, who the Epicureans replaced) in Cyrenaica (a Pentapolis with Apollonia, compared to Tripolis or the Phoenician Punic wyʿt).

[5] Monstrous with its arms, the cephalopod, as a mollusc, is compared to the stupid sponge, asteroid, plankton, fish and gastropod. Its muscular tentacles (or cirri containing water) as a calamus or polypus, tint (encaustic ink and sepia pigment) and buoyant locomotion (with nautical propulsion by a fluid jet as a squirt, spritz, swirl and swarm) is connected to the Scylla, the Gorgon, and a marine monster infamous for its crank crack, scry, screech and scream. The impulses of its axon was the inspiration of the comparator (related to an electronic amplifier with retroactive "dispair") with hysteresis designed by Otto Schmitt. The sirenids (in reference to the avian siren nymphs, not the salamander, that seduced mariners to their deaths on the rocks of a floral or florid isle with the enchantment, incantation and charm of music and voice) inhabit marine estuaries. The are described in mythic and epic episodes. For example, Odysseus elects to be bound to the mast of his ship (in a connection of irreversible and immutable, i.e. not reversible and mutable, consequence to a voluntary limit of impulsive agency or autonomy by incentive and commitment) with the ears of his mariners obstructed with cerous wax, whilst the centaur Kheiron (Χείρωνin) advises Jason in the Argonautica that the lyric music of Orpheus was necessary to make their fatal voices inaudible.