Constitution of Urran

We the People of the Republic of Urran, in order to establish a sovereign union, establish justice, provide for the common defense, ensure domestic tranquility, promote general welfare, and secure the blessings of freedom, liberty, and equality, christen and ordain this the Constitution for the Republic of Urran.

Section 1

All legislative powers described herein shall be vested in a Parliament of the Republic. Parliament shall consist of an Upper and Lower House referred to henceforth as the Senate and the Diet.

Section 2

1. The Diet shall consist of representatives chosen every four years by the People of the Prefectures. Representatives may serve no more than three tours of service within the Diet.

1.b. Parliament nor the Prefectures can deny the right to vote based upon sex, occupation, or religion.

2. No Representative may be younger than 25 years and must be an inhabitant of the Prefecture in which he or she is elected no fewer than 10 years.

3. The number of Representatives apportioned to each Prefecture shall be determined by the number of citizens dwelling within. The number of representatives shall be one for every 30,000 citizens. Each Prefecture shall have at least one representative in the absence of the necessary number of citizens.

4. The number of Representatives shall never exceed 500.

5. When vacancies occur in any Prefecture, the Prefecture authority shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.

6. The Diet shall choose their Speaker and other officers and shall have the sole power of impeachment.

Section 3

1. The Senate of the Republic shall be compromised of two Senators from each Prefecture chosen by the legislature thereof for six years. Each Senator shall have one vote.

2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.

3. No Senator shall be younger than 30 years and must be an inhabitant of the Prefecture in which he or she is elected no fewer than 10 years.

4. Senators shall not serve more than three tours of service.

5. The Vice Minister of Urran shall be the President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be divided equally.

6. The Senate shall choose their own officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice Minister, or when they shall exercise the Office of Prime Minister of the Republic.

7. The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the Prime Minister of the Republic is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.

8. Judgment in Cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the Republic: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.

Section 4

1. The Times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each Prefecture by the legislature thereof; but the Parliament may at any time by law make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing Senators.

2. Parliament shall assemble at least once per year on the first Monday in January unless they decide by law to appoint a different day.

Section 5

1. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members. A majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business. A smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties as each House may provide.

2. Each House may determine the rules of its own proceedings, punish its members for disorderly behavior, and, with the concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

3. Each House shall keep a record of its proceedings and shall publish the aforementioned the last day of each month, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the members of either House on any question shall, at the desire of one fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

4. Neither House, during the Session of Parliament, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Section 6

1. The Senators and Representatives shall receive compensation for their services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the Republic. They shall in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the Peace, be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either House. They shall not be questioned in any other place.

2. No Senator or Representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the Authority of the Republic and no person holding any office under the Republic, shall be a member of either House during their term in office.

Section 7

1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the Diet; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other bills.

2. Every bill which has passed the Diet and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the Prime Minister of the Republic. If they approve they shall sign it, but if not they shall return it, with their objections to that House in which it has originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such cases the votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the record of each House respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the Prime Minister within 10 days (Sundays excepted) after it has been presented to them, the Same shall be a Law, it shall be as if they have signed it, unless the Parliament by their adjournment prevent its return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and Diet may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the Prime Minister of the Republic; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by them, or being disapproved by them, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and Diet, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

Section 8

1. Parliament shall have the power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises to pay the debts of, provide for the defense, and general welfare of the Republic.

2. To borrow money on the credit of the Republic.

3. To regulate commerce between Urran and foreign nations, and amongst the Prefectures.

4. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the Republic

5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign currency, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures

6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the securities and current coin of the Republic

7. To establish and regulate the post office

8. To promote the progress of the sciences and useful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive rights to their respective writings and discoveries

9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court

10. To define and punish Piracies and felonies committed on the high seas

11. To declare war, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water

12. To provide and maintain an Army

13. To provide and maintain a Navy

14. To make rules for the regulation and governance for the Armed Forces

15. To provide for calling forth the Armed Forces to repel invasions

16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Armed Forces, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the Republic, reserving to the Prefectures respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Armed Forces according to the discipline prescribed by Parliament.

17. To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the Prefecture in which the same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings

18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the Republic, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Section 9

1. The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public Safety may require it.

2. No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

3. No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.

4.No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any Prefecture.

5. No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one Prefecture over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one Prefecture, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

6. No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in consequence of appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published at the end of each month.

7. No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the Republic: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Parliament, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

8. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the Republic, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Parliament shall have the power to enforce this article through any lawful force deemed necessary.

Section 10

1. No Prefecture shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any form of tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

2. No Prefecture shall, without the Consent of the Parliament, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the Republic; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and control of the Parliament.

3. No Prefecture shall, without the Consent of Parliament, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any agreement or Compact with another Prefecture, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

Section 1

1. The executive Power shall be vested in a Prime Minister of the Constitutional Republic of Urran. They shall hold their Office during the term of five years, and, together with the Vice Minister, chosen for the same term. No Prime Minister may serve more than three terms of service over the course of their lifetime. The Prime Minister shall be elected as follows.

2. Each Prefecture shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the Prefecture may be entitled in the Parliament:but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the Republic, shall be appointed an Elector.

3. The Electors shall meet in their respective Prefectures, and vote by ballot for Prime Minister and ViceMinister, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same Prefecture with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as Prime Minister, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice Minister, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as Prime Minister, and of all persons voted for as Vice Minister, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the Republic, directed to the President of the Senate;—The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and Diet, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;—The person having the greatest number of votes for Prime Minister, shall be the Prime Minister, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as Prime Minister, the Diet shall choose immediately, by ballot, the Prime Minister. But in choosing the Prime Minister, the votes shall be taken by Prefectures, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the Prefectures shall be necessary to a choice. And if the Diet shall not choose a Prime Minister whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice Minister shall act as Prime Minister, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the Prime Minister. —The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice Minister, shall be the Vice Minister, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice Minister; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of Prime Minister shall be eligible to that of Vice Minister of the Republic.

4. The Parliament may determine the time of choosing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the Republic.

5. No Person except a natural born citizen of the Republic, shall be eligible to the Office of Prime Minister; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been 20 Years a resident within the Republic.

6. In case of the Removal of the Prime Minister from Office, or of their Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same office shall be assumed by the Vice Minister, and the Parliament may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the Prime Minister and Vice Minister, declaring what Officer shall then act as Prime Minister, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a Prime Minister shall be elected.

7. The Prime Minister shall, at stated times, receive for their Services, a compensation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which they shall have been elected, and they shall not receive emolument within that period from any other source.

8. Before they enter on the Execution of their Office, they shall take the following Oath or Affirmation upon the Holy Word of God:—“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) before God and Country that I will faithfully execute the Office of Prime Minister of the Republic, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the Republic, so help me God.”

Section 2

1. The Prime Minister shall be Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. They may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and they shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the Republic, except in Cases of Impeachment.

2. They shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and they shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the Supreme Court, and all other Officers of the Republic, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Parliament may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the Prime Minister alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

3. The Prime Minister shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

Section 3

1. They shall once per year give to the Parliament Information of the State of the Republic, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; they may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, they may adjourn them to such Time as they shall think proper; they shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the Republic.

Section 4

1. The Prime Minister, Vice Minister, and all civil Officers of the Republic, shall be removed from office by impeachment upon conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors.

Section 1

1. The judicial power of the Republic shall be vested in a Supreme Court and in such inferior courts as Parliament may deem to be necessary to ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the Supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

Section 2

1. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the Republic, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the Republic shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more Prefecture;—between a Prefecture and Citizens of another Prefecture; —between Citizens of different Prefectures, —between Citizens of the same Prefecture claiming Lands under Grants of different Prefectures, and between a Prefecture, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

2. In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a Prefecture shall be Party, the Supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Parliament shall make.

3. The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the Prefecture where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any Prefecture, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Parliament may by Law have directed.

4. Jurors may be chosen by any method that the legislator of the Prefecture deems necessary. Jurors must be impartial and in no way have relations to the plaintiff and defendant in any case thereof.

Section 3

1. Treason against the Republic, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

2. The Parliament shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, including and up to death.

Section 1

1. Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each Prefecture to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other Prefecture. And the Parliament may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

Section 2

1. The citizens of each Prefecture shall be entitled to all Privileges and immunities of citizens in the Republic at large. Prefectures may not enact laws in conflict with the Constitution of the Republic.

2. A Person charged in any Prefecture with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another Prefecture, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the Prefecturefrom which they fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the Prefecture having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

Section 3

1. New Prefectures may be admitted by the Parliament into this Union; but no new Prefecture shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other Prefecture; nor any Prefecture be formed by the Junction of two or more Prefectures, or Parts of Prefectures, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the Prefectures concerned as well as of the Parliament.

Section 1

1. The Parliament, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the Prefectures, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the Prefectures.

Section 1

1. This Constitution, and the Laws of the Republic which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the Republic, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every Prefecture shall be bound thereby.

Parliament shall make no law respecting the establishment of a state church, nor prohibiting the free exercise of the Judeo Christian religion within or outside of government jurisdiction. Parliament shall make no law or laws abridging the freedom of speech, press, or the rights of the people to peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

A well trained and armed populace being necessary to the security of a free society, the right of the people to keep and bear a firearm or firearms, sword or swords, shall not be infringed.

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the Armed Forces, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against themselves, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the Prefecture and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against them; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in their favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for their defense.

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed 20,000 Lian, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

The powers not delegated to the Republic by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the Prefectures, are reserved to the Prefectures respectively, or to the people.

The Judicial power of the Republic shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the Prefectures by Citizens of another Prefecture, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.

1. All persons born in the Republic, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the Republic and of the Prefecture wherein they reside. No Prefecture shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the Republic; nor shall any Prefecture deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

2. These privileges shall not apply equally to territories or colonies administered by the Republic and shall be applied or revoked as deemed necessary by Parliament to ensure the stability and tranquility of Urranese assets.

3. Representatives shall be apportioned among the Prefectures according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each Prefecture.

The Parliament shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the Prefectures, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

1. The Senate of the Republic shall be composed of two Senators from each Prefecture, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each Prefecture shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the Prefectureal legislatures.

2. When vacancies happen in the representation of any Prefecture in the Senate, the executive authority of such Prefecture shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any Prefecture may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct.

3. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.

1. The terms of the Prime Minister and Vice Minister shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.

2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.

3. If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the Prime Minister, the Prime Minister elect shall have died, the Vice Minister elect shall become Prime Minister. If a Prime Minister shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of their term, or if the Prime Minister elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice Minister elect shall act as Prime Minister until a Prime Minister shall have qualified; and the Parliament may by law provide for the case wherein neither a Prime Minister elect nor a Vice Minister elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as Prime Minister, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a Prime Minister or Vice Minister shall have qualified.

4. The Parliament may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Diet may choose a Prime Minister whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice Minister whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them.

1. The right of citizens of the Republic to vote in any primary or other election for Prime Minister or Vice Minister, for electors for Prime Minister or Vice Minister, or for Senator or Representative in Parliament, shall not be denied or abridged by the Republic or any Prefecture by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

1. In case of the removal of the Prime Minister from office or of their death or resignation, the Vice Minister shall become Prime Minister.

2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice Minister, the Prime Minister shall nominate a Vice Minister who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Parliament.

3. Whenever the Prime Minister transmits to the Minister pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the Diet their written declaration that they are unable to discharge the powers and duties of their office, and until they transmit to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice Minister as Acting Prime Minister.

4. Whenever the Vice Minister and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Parliament may by law provide, transmit to the Minister pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the Diet their written declaration that the Prime Minister is unable to discharge the powers and duties of their office, the Vice Minister shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting Minsiter.

Thereafter, when the Prime Minister transmits to the Minister pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the Diet their written declaration that no inability exists, they shall resume the powers and duties of their office unless the Vice Minister and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Parliament may by law provide, transmit within four days to the Prime Minister pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the Diet their written declaration that the Prime Minister is unable to discharge the powers and duties of their office. Thereupon Parliament shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Parliament, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Parliament is not in session, within twenty-one days after Parliament is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the Prime Minister is unable to discharge the powers and duties of their office, the Vice Minister shall continue to discharge the same as Acting Minister; otherwise, the Prime Minister shall resume the powers and duties of their office.

The right of citizens of the Republic, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the Republic or any Prefecture on account of age.