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President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito
- President of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Josip Broz Tito
Josip Broz, commonly known as Tito, is a Yugoslav communist revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1943. During World War II, he was the leader of the Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in occupied Europe. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian and concerns about the repression of political opponents have been raised, most Yugoslavs considered him popular and a benevolent dictator. He is a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia (English: The land of southern slavs) and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal policies maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained further international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, alongside Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Sukarno of Indonesia, and Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.
- Prime Minister
- None, Himself
- Preceded by
- Ivan Ribar
- President
- Ivan Ribar
- Preceded by
- Ivan Šubašić
the Non-Aligned Movement
- Preceded by
- Position established
- Prime Minister
- Himself
- Preceded by
- Ivan Šubašić
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
- Preceded by
- Milan Gorkić
- Born: 7 May, 1892 (69)
Gender: Male
Name(s): Josip Broz (birthname)
Nationality: Croatian (at birth)
Yugoslav (self-declared)
Parent(s): Franjo Broz (father; 1860 - 1936)
Marija née Javeršek (mother; 1864 - 1918)
Relative(s): 7 siblings
Spouse(s): Jovanka Broz (m. 1952)
Children: Zlatica Broz
Hinko Broz
Žarko Leon Broz
Aleksandar Broz
Position(s): President of Yugoslavia
Height: 5'6"
Weight: 171 lbs
Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Austria-Hungary (now in Croatia). Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest sergeant major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, he was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in some events of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and subsequent Civil War. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).
He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939 - Present) and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941 - 1945). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1944 - 1963), President (later President for Life) (1953 - Present) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, he received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.
Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from November 1943. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony in 1948 and the only one in Joseph Stalin's time to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program with elements of market socialism. Economists active in Yugoslavia, including Czech-born Jaroslav Vanek and Croat-born Branko Horvat, promoted a model of market socialism dubbed the Illyrian model, where firms are socially owned by their employees and structured on workers' self-management and competed with each other in open and free markets.
