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Zhen Nobility
Noble Peerages:- Tai 泰, Lü 履 , Bi 比, Shi 師, Guan 觀, Bi 賁, Da-Guo 大過, Li 離, Jingjiang: bestowed peerages used to refer to various Princes or Princesses.
Dukes/Duchesses: a peerage that ranks just below the Sovereign and/or the Royal Family.
Marquesses: a peerage ranking above a count and below a duke.
Counts/Countesses: a peerage ranking above a viscount and below a marquess.
Viscounts: a peerage ranking above a baron and below a count.
Barons: a peerage ranking below a viscount.
Duke of Yansheng, Sacrificial Official to Mencius, Sacrificial Official to Zengzi, Sacrificial Official to Yan Hui: hereditary peerage for the families of the descendants of the Four Sages.
Duke of Zhou: hereditary peerage for the descendants of the original Duke of Zhou.
Celestial Masters/Taoist Pontiff: leaders of the Zhengyi Dao and Wudoumi Dao sects of Taoism.
Taiji: A title used to refer to members of the Borjigin clan (inherited from Qing Dynasty).
Tabunang: A title used to refer to members of the Tayichiud or Uriankhai clam (inherited from Qing Dynasty).
Beile: A Manchu, non-Chinese title, commonly used to refer to all Manchu princes (inherited from Qing Dynasty).
Zongfa (宗法, clan law), which applied to all social classes, governed the primogeniture of rank and succession of other siblings. The eldest son of the consort would inherit the title and retained the same rank within the system. Other sons from the consort, concubines and mistresses would be given titles one rank lower than their father.
Distinction:
The Eight Privileges:
At the top of the imperial hierarchy, persons with Princely or Princess Peerages enjoyed the "Eight Privileges":
Red carriage/car wheels
Purple horse reins
Heated carriages
Purple cushions
Gemstones on Futou hats
Two-eyed peacock feathers on Futou hats
Leather whips to clear paths of people
The employment of eunuchs
Monarchs
Zhou li, the Rites of Zhou, states that monarchs are entitled to the following simultaneous spouses:
- 1 Empress/Emperor
3 Madames/Consorts
9 Imperial Concubines
27 Shifus
81 Imperial Consorts
Court Dress:
Members of the Royal Family could wear robes with dragons, while honoured officials could be granted the privilege of wearing "python robes", which resembled dragons with only with four claws instead of five. Belts made from segmented, carved jade were also worn.